美国高等教育信息素养能力标准（二）
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标准四：不管个人还是作为一个团体的成员, 有信息素养的学生能够有效的利用信息来实现特定的目的。
Standard Four: The information literate student, individually or as a member of a group, uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
表现指标：（Performance Indicators）
一、有信息素养的学生能够把新旧信息应用到策划和创造某种产品或功能中。成果包括：
1．重新组织信息使得它能支持产品或功能的用途和样式（例如提纲、草稿、摘要）。
2．清晰明白地说明以往经验中可以帮助策划和创造某种产品或功能的知识和技巧。
3．融合新旧信息，包括引用和直译，使得它能支持产品或功能的用途。
4．如有需要，修改电子文本、图像和数据的位置和格式，使得它们适合新的上下文。
1.The information literate student applies new and prior information to the planning and creation of a particular product or performance.
a.Organizes the content in a manner that supports the purposes and format of the product or performance (e.g. outlines, drafts, storyboards)
b.Articulates knowledge and skills transferred from prior experiences to planning and creating the product or performance
c.Integrates the new and prior information, including quotations and paraphrasings, in a manner that supports the purposes of the prod-uct or performance
d.Manipulates digital text, images, and data, as needed, transferring them from their original locations and formats to a new context
二、有信息素养的学生修改产品或功能的开发步骤。成果包括：
1．把与信息查询，评估和传播过程有关的活动载入日志。
2．总结以往的经验，教训和其它可以选择的策略。
2.The information literate student revises the development process for the product or performance.
a.Maintains a journal or log of activities related to the information seeking, evaluating, and communicating process
b.Reflects on past successes, failures, and alternative strategies
三、有信息素养的学生能够有效地与别人就产品或功能进行交流。成果包括：
1．选择最适合产品或性能和受众的通讯媒体和形式。
2．运用一系列的信息技术应用软件来创造产品或功能。
3．结合设计和传播的原理。
4．采用一种最适合受众的风格与别人清楚地交流。
3.The information literate student communicates the product or performance effectively to others.
a.Chooses a communication medium and format that best supports the purposes of the product or performance and the intended audience
b.Uses a range of information technology applications in creating the product or performance
c.Incorporates principles of design and communication
d.Communicates clearly and with a style that supports the purposes of the intended audience
标准五：有信息素养的学生熟悉许多与信息使用有关的经济、法律和社会问题，并能合理合法的获取信息。
Standard Five: The information literate student understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and accesses and uses information ethically and legally.
表现指标：（Performance Indicators）
一、有信息素养的学生了解与信息和信息技术有关的伦理、法律和社会经济问题。成果包括：
1．找出并讨论印刷和电子出版环境中与隐私和安全相关的问题。
2．找出并讨论与免费和收费信息相关的问题。
3．找出并讨论与审查制度和言论自由相关的问题。
4．显示出对知识产权、版权和合理使用受专利权保护的资料的认识。
1.The information literate student understands many of the ethical, legal and socio-economic issues surrounding information and information technology.
a.Identifies and discusses issues related to privacy and security in both the print and electronic environments
b.Identifies and discusses issues related to free vs. fee-based access to information
c.Identifies and discusses issues related to censorship and freedom of speech
d.Demonstrates an understanding of intellectual property, copyright, and fair use of copyrighted material
二、有信息素养的学生遵守与获取和使用信息资源相关的法律、规定、机构性政策和礼节。成果包括：
1．按照公认的惯例 (例如网上礼仪) 参与网上讨论。
2．使用经核准的密码和其它的身份证来获取信息资源。
3．按规章制度获取信息资源。
4．保持信息资源、设备、系统和设施的完整性。
5．合法的获取、存储和散布文字、数据、图像或声音。
6．了解什么构成抄袭，不能把他人的作品作为自己的。
7．了解与人体试验研究有关的规章制度。
2.The information literate student follows laws, regulations, institutional policies, and etiquette related to the access and use of information resources.
a.Participates in electronic discussions following accepted practices (e.g. “Netiquette”)
b.Uses approved passwords and other forms of ID for access to information resources
c.Complies with institutional policies on access to information resources
d.Preserves the integrity of information resources, equipment, systems and facilities
e.Legally obtains, stores, and disseminates text, data, images, or sounds
f.Demonstrates an understanding of what constitutes plagiarism and does not represent work attributable to others as his/her own
g.Demonstrates an understanding of institutional policies related to human subjects research
三、有信息素养的学生在宣传产品或性能时声明引用信息的出处。成果包括：
1．始终如一的使用一种适宜的引用格式。
2．如有需要, 使用受专利权保护的资料时要显示版权及免责声明。
3.The information literate student acknowledges the use of information sources in communicating the product or performance.
a.Selects an appropriate documentation style and uses it consistently to cite sources
b.Posts permission granted notices, as needed, for copyrighted material
相关链接：
【告别灰色检索】－－我的心路历程
请来检索知识交流版的战友报下道
又一轮黄祸：文献检索、破 解和其它——一篇简单的反思
编辑：西门吹血
Standard Four: The information literate student, individually or as a member of a group, uses information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose.
表现指标：（Performance Indicators）
一、有信息素养的学生能够把新旧信息应用到策划和创造某种产品或功能中。成果包括：
1．重新组织信息使得它能支持产品或功能的用途和样式（例如提纲、草稿、摘要）。
2．清晰明白地说明以往经验中可以帮助策划和创造某种产品或功能的知识和技巧。
3．融合新旧信息，包括引用和直译，使得它能支持产品或功能的用途。
4．如有需要，修改电子文本、图像和数据的位置和格式，使得它们适合新的上下文。
1.The information literate student applies new and prior information to the planning and creation of a particular product or performance.
a.Organizes the content in a manner that supports the purposes and format of the product or performance (e.g. outlines, drafts, storyboards)
b.Articulates knowledge and skills transferred from prior experiences to planning and creating the product or performance
c.Integrates the new and prior information, including quotations and paraphrasings, in a manner that supports the purposes of the prod-uct or performance
d.Manipulates digital text, images, and data, as needed, transferring them from their original locations and formats to a new context
二、有信息素养的学生修改产品或功能的开发步骤。成果包括：
1．把与信息查询，评估和传播过程有关的活动载入日志。
2．总结以往的经验，教训和其它可以选择的策略。
2.The information literate student revises the development process for the product or performance.
a.Maintains a journal or log of activities related to the information seeking, evaluating, and communicating process
b.Reflects on past successes, failures, and alternative strategies
三、有信息素养的学生能够有效地与别人就产品或功能进行交流。成果包括：
1．选择最适合产品或性能和受众的通讯媒体和形式。
2．运用一系列的信息技术应用软件来创造产品或功能。
3．结合设计和传播的原理。
4．采用一种最适合受众的风格与别人清楚地交流。
3.The information literate student communicates the product or performance effectively to others.
a.Chooses a communication medium and format that best supports the purposes of the product or performance and the intended audience
b.Uses a range of information technology applications in creating the product or performance
c.Incorporates principles of design and communication
d.Communicates clearly and with a style that supports the purposes of the intended audience
标准五：有信息素养的学生熟悉许多与信息使用有关的经济、法律和社会问题，并能合理合法的获取信息。
Standard Five: The information literate student understands many of the economic, legal, and social issues surrounding the use of information and accesses and uses information ethically and legally.
表现指标：（Performance Indicators）
一、有信息素养的学生了解与信息和信息技术有关的伦理、法律和社会经济问题。成果包括：
1．找出并讨论印刷和电子出版环境中与隐私和安全相关的问题。
2．找出并讨论与免费和收费信息相关的问题。
3．找出并讨论与审查制度和言论自由相关的问题。
4．显示出对知识产权、版权和合理使用受专利权保护的资料的认识。
1.The information literate student understands many of the ethical, legal and socio-economic issues surrounding information and information technology.
a.Identifies and discusses issues related to privacy and security in both the print and electronic environments
b.Identifies and discusses issues related to free vs. fee-based access to information
c.Identifies and discusses issues related to censorship and freedom of speech
d.Demonstrates an understanding of intellectual property, copyright, and fair use of copyrighted material
二、有信息素养的学生遵守与获取和使用信息资源相关的法律、规定、机构性政策和礼节。成果包括：
1．按照公认的惯例 (例如网上礼仪) 参与网上讨论。
2．使用经核准的密码和其它的身份证来获取信息资源。
3．按规章制度获取信息资源。
4．保持信息资源、设备、系统和设施的完整性。
5．合法的获取、存储和散布文字、数据、图像或声音。
6．了解什么构成抄袭，不能把他人的作品作为自己的。
7．了解与人体试验研究有关的规章制度。
2.The information literate student follows laws, regulations, institutional policies, and etiquette related to the access and use of information resources.
a.Participates in electronic discussions following accepted practices (e.g. “Netiquette”)
b.Uses approved passwords and other forms of ID for access to information resources
c.Complies with institutional policies on access to information resources
d.Preserves the integrity of information resources, equipment, systems and facilities
e.Legally obtains, stores, and disseminates text, data, images, or sounds
f.Demonstrates an understanding of what constitutes plagiarism and does not represent work attributable to others as his/her own
g.Demonstrates an understanding of institutional policies related to human subjects research
三、有信息素养的学生在宣传产品或性能时声明引用信息的出处。成果包括：
1．始终如一的使用一种适宜的引用格式。
2．如有需要, 使用受专利权保护的资料时要显示版权及免责声明。
3.The information literate student acknowledges the use of information sources in communicating the product or performance.
a.Selects an appropriate documentation style and uses it consistently to cite sources
b.Posts permission granted notices, as needed, for copyrighted material
相关链接：
【告别灰色检索】－－我的心路历程
请来检索知识交流版的战友报下道
又一轮黄祸：文献检索、破 解和其它——一篇简单的反思
编辑：西门吹血
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作者: 白健
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