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    美国犹他大学人因素/工效学科研人员发明了一项装置——即时支持装置（简称JITS），可以判断患者的状态和需求，指导旁观者如何实施心肺复苏。这一装置使无急救训练经验者对心脏骤停患者进行抢救成为可能。研究人员将于本周三在人因素/工效学第50届年会上展示这一产品。

    研究中使用的JITS包括假人、压力感受性枕头、麻醉面罩、除颤垫片，还有一个显示屏及话筒，用来指导使用者如何操作以及反馈操作效果。操作依据美国心脏协会（AHA）规程制定。使用JITS模拟急救的参加者均达到了AHA 标准。

    美国每年约有30万人发生心脏骤停，有时他们的生命就握在旁观者手中，因为救护车赶到现场至少需要6分钟以上，每延迟一分钟，生还的可能性就下降70%。研究表明，只有不到1%的旁观者受过心肺复苏训练，而且训练过后不出几个月，他们就把所学的东西忘的精光。如果JITS能投入使用，可以实施现场急救的人数将大大增加，心脏骤停患者获救的机率也将大幅提高。

Prototype just-in-time medical device enables untrained bystanders to save lives
SANTA MONICA, CA ?Human factors/ergonomics (HF/E) researchers at the University of Utah have created a prototype device that could make it possible for anyone ?even those with no emergency medical training ?to perform life-saving actions for victims of sudden cardiac arrest. The just-in-time support, or JITS, device provides bystanders with guidance and information on how to administer CPR and assess the state and needs of the victim. The researchers will present their work at the HFES 50th Annual Meeting at the Hilton San Francisco Hotel on Wednesday, October 18. The meeting dates are October 16?0, 2006.

About 300,000 people a year suffer sudden cardiac arrest in the United States. Sometimes the victim's life hinges on the help of bystanders, given that response time by paramedics following a 911 call is usually more than 6 minutes and that the probability of survival decreases 7?0% each minute after the incident. Studies show that less than 1% of bystanders have had CPR training, and of those, fewer than 10% retained the knowledge only a few months after training.

The JITS device prototype used in the study consisted of a dummy "victim," a pressure-sensing headrest, an anesthesia mask, defibrillator pads, and a video screen and speakers that transmit audio and visual cues to tell the user what to do and give him or her feedback about actions taken. The cues were based on American Heart Association protocols.

Half the 40 participants used the JITS device and half did not. Those using the device not only surpassed the no-device group in every measure but performed to the level of the AHA guidelines.

If JITS devices were used, the number of people able to provide life-saving treatment would vastly increase and survival chances for sudden cardiac arrest victims could be significantly improved.

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