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作者： Niemann, H; Kues, W; Carnwath, JW
来源出版物： REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES
EPIZOOTIES   卷： 24   期： 1   页： 285-298   出版年： APR 2005
被引频次： 13

Abstract

Until recently, pronuclear microinjection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was the standard
method for producing transgenic animals. This technique is now being replaced by more
efficient protocols based on somatic nuclear transfer that also permit targeted genetic
modifications. Lentiviral vectors and small interfering ribonucleic acid technology are
also becoming important tools for transgenesis.

Transgenic farm animals are important in human medicine as sources of biologically
active proteins, as donors in xenotransplantation, and for research in cell and gene
therapy. Typical agricultural applications include improved carcass composition,
lactational performance and wool production, as well as enhanced disease resistance
and reduced environmental impact. Product safety can be ensured by standardisation
of procedures and monitored by polymerase chain reaction and array technology.

As sequence information and genomic maps of farm animals are refined, it becomes
increasingly practical to remove or modify individual genes. This approach to animal
breeding will be instrumental in meeting global challenges in agricultural production
in the future.

Keywords

Agricultural application – Environmental benefit – Farm animal – Gene pharming –
Lentiviral vector – Microinjection – Nuclear transfer – Small interfering ribonucleic acid
– Transgenic – Xenotransplantation.

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