癌症研究历史经典回顾和热点寻踪（三）
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正常组织细胞在体外培养与细菌不同，最大的不同就是只能培养有限的时间，而大部分癌症细胞可以无限培养。因此关于细胞衰老和永生化的理论层出不穷。
1: Kirkwood TB, Holliday R. Commitment to senescence: a model for the finite and infinite growth of diploid and transformed human fibroblasts in culture.J Theor Biol. 1975 Sep;53(2):481-96.
2: Holliday R. Growth and death of diploid and transformed human fibroblasts.Fed Proc. 1975 Jan;34(1):51-5. Review.
3: Holliday R, Huschtscha LI, Tarrant GM, Kirkwood TB. Testing the commitment theory of cellular aging. Science. 1977 Oct 28;198(4315):366-72.
4: Harley CB, Goldstein S. Retesting the commitment theory of cellular aging.Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):191-3.
5: Hayflick L.The illusion of cell immortality [J]. Br J Cancer. 2000, 83(7):841-6.
6: Merok JR, Sherley JL.Breaching the Kinetic Barrier to In Vitro Somatic Stem Cell Propagation [J].J Biomed Biotechnol. 2001;1(1):25-27.
7: Martin GM, Sprague CA, Norwood TH, et.al.Clonal selection, attenuation and differentiation in an in vitro model of hyperplasia [J]. Am J Pathol. 1974, 74(1):137-54.
8: Bell E, Marek LF, Levinstone DS, et.al.Loss of division potential in vitro: aging or differentiation [J]? Science. 1978, 202(4373):1158-63.
9: Wright WE, Shay JW. Historical claims and current interpretations of replicative aging [J]. Nat Biotechnol. 2002, 20(7):682-8.
10: Shay JW, Wright WE. Hayflick, his limit, and cellular ageing [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000, 1(1):72-6.
人类在癌症研究方面经历了一个又一个浪潮，20世纪20－50年代，是化学致癌研究最迅猛的时代，60－70年代的掀起寻求癌症病毒狂潮，70－80年代是癌基因疯狂时代，80年代末进入迷恋抑癌基因时代，90年代末细胞周期、信号转导和细胞凋亡理论在癌症研究中的广泛运用，然而，浪潮很快过去了，因为这些都被证明与癌症有关，但不是癌症的本质。
21世纪来了，肿瘤干细胞因为干细胞研究的进展而获得了最佳契机，而且研究人员似乎都认识到肿瘤干细胞才是癌症的根源。于是，肿瘤干细胞开始进入疯狂时代。肿瘤干细胞的根本问题是自我更新控制问题，也就是生命本质问题，在分子生物学方面，干细胞不对称分裂方面，染色体非随机分配方面的进展将会为肿瘤干细胞的研究注入生命力。
早在20世纪90年代初，Prehn就认识到肿瘤的本质在于干细胞的分裂方式问题，现在肿瘤研究已经为此掀开了序幕。但愿这次不再是浪潮。
1: Prehn RT. Many growth factors may not be growth factors.Cancer Res. 1992 Feb 1;52(3):501-7. Review.
2: Morrison SJ, Kimble J. Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer.Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1068-74.
3: Wodarz A, Gonzalez C. Connecting cancer to the asymmetric division of stem cells. Cell. 2006 Mar 24;124:1121-3.
4: Radtke F, Clevers H. Self-renewal and cancer of the gut: two sides of a coin.Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1904-9.
5: Beachy PA, Karhadkar SS, Berman DM. Tissue repair and stem cell renewal in carcinogenesis.Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):324-31.
不论怎样的致癌剂，不论化学致癌剂还是致癌病毒，还是物理射线，离开细胞的增殖，都不可能导致肿瘤发生，而且这些致癌因素似乎都首先引起细胞的过增殖而促进肿瘤的发生，这个过程明显隐藏了自然选择的突变与选择问题。
1: Cairns J.Somatic stem cells and the kinetics of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002, 99(16):10567-70.
2: Cohen SM, Ellwein LB. Genetic errors, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis [J]. Cancer Res. 1991, 51(24): 6493-505.
3: Preston-Martin S, Pike MC, Ross RK, et.al.Increased cell division as a cause of human cancer [J]. Cancer Res. 1990, 50(23):7415-21.
4: Cohen SM, Ellwein LB. Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis [J].Science. 1990, 249(4972):1007-11.
5: Cohen SM.Role of cell proliferation in regenerative and neoplastic disease [J]. Toxicol Lett. 1995, 82-83:15-21.
6: Ames BN, Gold LS. Re: E. Farber, Cell proliferation as a major risk factor for cancer: a concept of doubtful validity [J]. Cancer Res., 55: 3759-3762, 1995. Cancer Res. 1996, 56(18):4267-9; author reply 4272-4.
1: Kirkwood TB, Holliday R. Commitment to senescence: a model for the finite and infinite growth of diploid and transformed human fibroblasts in culture.J Theor Biol. 1975 Sep;53(2):481-96.
2: Holliday R. Growth and death of diploid and transformed human fibroblasts.Fed Proc. 1975 Jan;34(1):51-5. Review.
3: Holliday R, Huschtscha LI, Tarrant GM, Kirkwood TB. Testing the commitment theory of cellular aging. Science. 1977 Oct 28;198(4315):366-72.
4: Harley CB, Goldstein S. Retesting the commitment theory of cellular aging.Science. 1980 Jan 11;207(4427):191-3.
5: Hayflick L.The illusion of cell immortality [J]. Br J Cancer. 2000, 83(7):841-6.
6: Merok JR, Sherley JL.Breaching the Kinetic Barrier to In Vitro Somatic Stem Cell Propagation [J].J Biomed Biotechnol. 2001;1(1):25-27.
7: Martin GM, Sprague CA, Norwood TH, et.al.Clonal selection, attenuation and differentiation in an in vitro model of hyperplasia [J]. Am J Pathol. 1974, 74(1):137-54.
8: Bell E, Marek LF, Levinstone DS, et.al.Loss of division potential in vitro: aging or differentiation [J]? Science. 1978, 202(4373):1158-63.
9: Wright WE, Shay JW. Historical claims and current interpretations of replicative aging [J]. Nat Biotechnol. 2002, 20(7):682-8.
10: Shay JW, Wright WE. Hayflick, his limit, and cellular ageing [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000, 1(1):72-6.
人类在癌症研究方面经历了一个又一个浪潮，20世纪20－50年代，是化学致癌研究最迅猛的时代，60－70年代的掀起寻求癌症病毒狂潮，70－80年代是癌基因疯狂时代，80年代末进入迷恋抑癌基因时代，90年代末细胞周期、信号转导和细胞凋亡理论在癌症研究中的广泛运用，然而，浪潮很快过去了，因为这些都被证明与癌症有关，但不是癌症的本质。
21世纪来了，肿瘤干细胞因为干细胞研究的进展而获得了最佳契机，而且研究人员似乎都认识到肿瘤干细胞才是癌症的根源。于是，肿瘤干细胞开始进入疯狂时代。肿瘤干细胞的根本问题是自我更新控制问题，也就是生命本质问题，在分子生物学方面，干细胞不对称分裂方面，染色体非随机分配方面的进展将会为肿瘤干细胞的研究注入生命力。
早在20世纪90年代初，Prehn就认识到肿瘤的本质在于干细胞的分裂方式问题，现在肿瘤研究已经为此掀开了序幕。但愿这次不再是浪潮。
1: Prehn RT. Many growth factors may not be growth factors.Cancer Res. 1992 Feb 1;52(3):501-7. Review.
2: Morrison SJ, Kimble J. Asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions in development and cancer.Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1068-74.
3: Wodarz A, Gonzalez C. Connecting cancer to the asymmetric division of stem cells. Cell. 2006 Mar 24;124:1121-3.
4: Radtke F, Clevers H. Self-renewal and cancer of the gut: two sides of a coin.Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1904-9.
5: Beachy PA, Karhadkar SS, Berman DM. Tissue repair and stem cell renewal in carcinogenesis.Nature. 2004 Nov 18;432(7015):324-31.
不论怎样的致癌剂，不论化学致癌剂还是致癌病毒，还是物理射线，离开细胞的增殖，都不可能导致肿瘤发生，而且这些致癌因素似乎都首先引起细胞的过增殖而促进肿瘤的发生，这个过程明显隐藏了自然选择的突变与选择问题。
1: Cairns J.Somatic stem cells and the kinetics of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002, 99(16):10567-70.
2: Cohen SM, Ellwein LB. Genetic errors, cell proliferation, and carcinogenesis [J]. Cancer Res. 1991, 51(24): 6493-505.
3: Preston-Martin S, Pike MC, Ross RK, et.al.Increased cell division as a cause of human cancer [J]. Cancer Res. 1990, 50(23):7415-21.
4: Cohen SM, Ellwein LB. Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis [J].Science. 1990, 249(4972):1007-11.
5: Cohen SM.Role of cell proliferation in regenerative and neoplastic disease [J]. Toxicol Lett. 1995, 82-83:15-21.
6: Ames BN, Gold LS. Re: E. Farber, Cell proliferation as a major risk factor for cancer: a concept of doubtful validity [J]. Cancer Res., 55: 3759-3762, 1995. Cancer Res. 1996, 56(18):4267-9; author reply 4272-4.
作者: cypress1975
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