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作者：Juhani Janne, Leena Alhonen, Juha-Matti Hyttinen, Teija Peura, Minna Tolvanen
and Veli-Pekka Korhonen
单位：A.I. Virtanen Institute, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
期刊：Biotechnology Annual Review.Volume 4.

Abstract

Since the generation of the first transgenic mice in 1980, transgene technology has
also been successfully applied to large farm animals. Although this technology can
be employed to improve certain production traits of livestock, this approach has not
been very successful so far owing to unwanted effects encountered in the production
animals. However, by using tissue-specific targeting of the transgene expression,
it is possible to produce heterologous proteins in the extracel-Mar space of large
transgenic farm animals.

Even though some recombinant proteins, such as human hemoglobin, have been
produced in the blood of transgenic pigs, in the majority of the cases mammary
gland targeted expression of the transgene has been employed. Using production
genes driven by regulatory sequences of milk protein genes a number of valuable
therapeutic proteins have been produced in the milk of transgenic bioreactors,
ranging from rabbits to dairy cattle. Unlike bacterial fermentors, the mammary
gland of transgenic bioreactors appears to carry out proper postsynthetic
modifications of human proteins required for full biological activity.

In comparison with mammalian cell bioreactors, transgenic livestock with mammary
gland targeted expression seems to be able to produce valuable human therapeutic
 proteins at very low cost. Although notone transgenically produced therapeutic
protein is yet on the market, the first such proteins haverecently entered or even
completed clinical trials required for their approval.


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