翻译技巧（一）
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6. Amplification by Supplying Words of Tenses（增加表达时态的词语）
英语动词有时态、语气的变化，而汉语动词没有对等的形式，因此翻译时要增加一些表示时态、语气的词汇。
1)He heard of the accident, as had his wife.
他听说过这次事故，她的妻子早就听说了。
2)The achievement of science which has produced the greatest impression on mankind is the release of atomic energy.
迄今为止对人类产生最大影响的科学成就就是原子能的释放。
3)The surgeons weren't sure how long my new joints would last. But they are holding up fine.
那些外科医生当时不能肯定我的新关节能维持多久，但是他们至今还是功能良好。
4) Man, was , is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.
人类过去、现在和将来始终都在尽力改善生活条件。
7. Amplification by Supplying Words of subjunctive （增加表虚拟语气的词语）
1)Einstein had little concern for money, though he could have been extremely wealthy.
爱因斯坦不大关心钱，尽管他本来应该很富有。
2)The gift to him would have filled a railroad freight car.
送给他的礼物似乎能装满一节车厢。
3)It is strange that I should have forgotten its name!
真奇怪，我竟然忘了它的名字！
增词法的应用有时还体现在这样一种语境场合，即一个词或词组本身的翻译不能充分表达原语的意境，这时就需要根据原文的特定内容增加释义性的解释。
1)Reality didn't catch up with U.S. policy until 1972, when Nixon went to China to make peace with Chairman Mao.
美国的对华政策直到1972年才回到现实的轨道上来。这一年尼克松去中国与毛主席共修两国之好。
2)Several million of people have lived near or below the breadline for almost two decades.
差不多二十年了， 生活在贫困线以下，或温饱问题还没有完全解决的仍有几百万人。
3)It has long been known that schizophrenia often runs in families, but solid and direct links to heredity have been elusive.
人们早就知道精神分裂症常常是家族性的，但要在遗传学上找出确凿而又直接的联系一直困难重重。
ASSIGNMENT 3
I. 翻译下列句子，注意运用增词法：
1) Anthrax was not known in the area at the time, or if it was, wasn't thought to be of any consequence by the local tribes, and went unmentioned.
当时炭疽在那个地区还不为人所知，就算当地的部落里有人听说过这种病，也没有想到它会带来什么后果，因此一直没有人提起过炭疽。
2)A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手中的钱。
3)Duodenal ulcer may appear at any age but occurs most frequently between the ages of 20 and 60 and has a peak incidence in the fourth decade of life.
十二指肠溃疡可发生于任何年龄，但最常见于20至60岁，其中31岁至40岁发病率最高。
4)Although a computer can think in a certain sense, the human brain with its billions of nerve cells was and still is a much more remarkable mechanism than any computer.
虽然计算机在某种意义上也能思想，但是具有几十亿神经细胞的人脑，过去是现在也仍然是比任何计算机都出色得多的机制。
5)A settlement and peace will remain elusive.
解决问题，实现和平，仍然是一件遥不可及的事。
6)In California, hundreds of billions of dollars ride on the success of earthquake prediction.
在加利福尼亚州，地震预测的成功与否关系到千百亿美元的资财的安全。
7)A man spending 12 days on the moon would find on returning to the earth that a good year had passed already.
一个人假如在月球上度过了12天，在返回地球时便会发现已经过了足足一年。
8)It is enough to shatter his complacency.
这足以打破他的自满情绪。
9)The symptoms of SARS are high fever, dry cough, dyspnea and diarrhea.
非典型性肺炎的四大症状是高热，干咳，呼吸困难和腹泻。
10)The action of any anesthetics within the body is due to two factors: its physical property of solubility in fats and water and its chemical characteristic of combining with nerve tissue.
任何麻醉剂在体内的作用都取决于两个因素：一是物理因素，即其在油脂和水中的溶解度；二是化学因素，即其与神经组织结合的能力。
11)Vice President George Bush is looking to President Reagan, a star attraction at today's Republic national convention, to give some sparkle to his presidential campaign.
布什副总统期望里根总统为其总统竞选活动注入一些活力。里根是今天开幕的共和党全国代表大会上最引人注目的人物。
12)The government is waging a campaign against waste and extravagance, with the banquet, a mainstay of all function in China, a primary target.
政府正在开展一场反对铺张浪费的运动，目标首先对准中国所有的团体活动的主项：公款宴请。
II. 短文翻译：
In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识， 如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般却都不大愿意这么做，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些不自然。
编辑：西门吹血
英语动词有时态、语气的变化，而汉语动词没有对等的形式，因此翻译时要增加一些表示时态、语气的词汇。
1)He heard of the accident, as had his wife.
他听说过这次事故，她的妻子早就听说了。
2)The achievement of science which has produced the greatest impression on mankind is the release of atomic energy.
迄今为止对人类产生最大影响的科学成就就是原子能的释放。
3)The surgeons weren't sure how long my new joints would last. But they are holding up fine.
那些外科医生当时不能肯定我的新关节能维持多久，但是他们至今还是功能良好。
4) Man, was , is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions.
人类过去、现在和将来始终都在尽力改善生活条件。
7. Amplification by Supplying Words of subjunctive （增加表虚拟语气的词语）
1)Einstein had little concern for money, though he could have been extremely wealthy.
爱因斯坦不大关心钱，尽管他本来应该很富有。
2)The gift to him would have filled a railroad freight car.
送给他的礼物似乎能装满一节车厢。
3)It is strange that I should have forgotten its name!
真奇怪，我竟然忘了它的名字！
增词法的应用有时还体现在这样一种语境场合，即一个词或词组本身的翻译不能充分表达原语的意境，这时就需要根据原文的特定内容增加释义性的解释。
1)Reality didn't catch up with U.S. policy until 1972, when Nixon went to China to make peace with Chairman Mao.
美国的对华政策直到1972年才回到现实的轨道上来。这一年尼克松去中国与毛主席共修两国之好。
2)Several million of people have lived near or below the breadline for almost two decades.
差不多二十年了， 生活在贫困线以下，或温饱问题还没有完全解决的仍有几百万人。
3)It has long been known that schizophrenia often runs in families, but solid and direct links to heredity have been elusive.
人们早就知道精神分裂症常常是家族性的，但要在遗传学上找出确凿而又直接的联系一直困难重重。
ASSIGNMENT 3
I. 翻译下列句子，注意运用增词法：
1) Anthrax was not known in the area at the time, or if it was, wasn't thought to be of any consequence by the local tribes, and went unmentioned.
当时炭疽在那个地区还不为人所知，就算当地的部落里有人听说过这种病，也没有想到它会带来什么后果，因此一直没有人提起过炭疽。
2)A fool and his words are soon parted; a man of genius and his money.
愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手中的钱。
3)Duodenal ulcer may appear at any age but occurs most frequently between the ages of 20 and 60 and has a peak incidence in the fourth decade of life.
十二指肠溃疡可发生于任何年龄，但最常见于20至60岁，其中31岁至40岁发病率最高。
4)Although a computer can think in a certain sense, the human brain with its billions of nerve cells was and still is a much more remarkable mechanism than any computer.
虽然计算机在某种意义上也能思想，但是具有几十亿神经细胞的人脑，过去是现在也仍然是比任何计算机都出色得多的机制。
5)A settlement and peace will remain elusive.
解决问题，实现和平，仍然是一件遥不可及的事。
6)In California, hundreds of billions of dollars ride on the success of earthquake prediction.
在加利福尼亚州，地震预测的成功与否关系到千百亿美元的资财的安全。
7)A man spending 12 days on the moon would find on returning to the earth that a good year had passed already.
一个人假如在月球上度过了12天，在返回地球时便会发现已经过了足足一年。
8)It is enough to shatter his complacency.
这足以打破他的自满情绪。
9)The symptoms of SARS are high fever, dry cough, dyspnea and diarrhea.
非典型性肺炎的四大症状是高热，干咳，呼吸困难和腹泻。
10)The action of any anesthetics within the body is due to two factors: its physical property of solubility in fats and water and its chemical characteristic of combining with nerve tissue.
任何麻醉剂在体内的作用都取决于两个因素：一是物理因素，即其在油脂和水中的溶解度；二是化学因素，即其与神经组织结合的能力。
11)Vice President George Bush is looking to President Reagan, a star attraction at today's Republic national convention, to give some sparkle to his presidential campaign.
布什副总统期望里根总统为其总统竞选活动注入一些活力。里根是今天开幕的共和党全国代表大会上最引人注目的人物。
12)The government is waging a campaign against waste and extravagance, with the banquet, a mainstay of all function in China, a primary target.
政府正在开展一场反对铺张浪费的运动，目标首先对准中国所有的团体活动的主项：公款宴请。
II. 短文翻译：
In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends. When strangers meet on such occasions, an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation, which seems to be required by etiquette. However, the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun. They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship. And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识， 如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般却都不大愿意这么做，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些不自然。
编辑：西门吹血
作者: acer_00
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