翻译技巧（一）
转载请注明来自丁香园
Unit 3 Translation Skill—Amplification（增词法）
英汉两种语言在词汇和句法等方面的差异显著，翻译时需采用各种弥合手段，其中重要的一个方法就是增词法。增词法指的是在英汉翻译中适当增加原文中无其形而有其意的词语，使译文自然通顺，完整。增词法一般用于以下两种情况：一是为了表意的需要，二是为了语法的需要。
Susceptibility to colds varies.
1.Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original（增加原文省略部分）
1) Enlargement of the spleen is said to occur in about one-third of cases and embolization, in more than half of cases.
据说大约三分之一或一半以上的病例有栓塞和脾肿大。
大约三分之一的病例有脾肿大，半数以上的病例有栓塞。
2)…a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-chair-at –the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they have not.
年青的女士认为，女性已经不再像从前那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则认为，今天的女性还没有取得这样的进步。
2. Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives or Transitions（增加必要的连接词或承上启下的词）
1)With your eyes shut you can recognize hundreds of things by their sound or their touch.
你就是闭上眼睛，也还能凭声音或触感辨认数百种东西。
2)Yes, I like Chinese food; lots of people do these days. Sort of fashion.
不错，我喜欢中国菜，这也算是赶时髦吧！
3) White surfaces reflect heat; dark surfaces absorb it.
白色的表面反射热量，而黑色的表面吸收热量。
3. Amplification by Supplying Category Words （增加范畴词）
在汉语中，有一类词称为范畴词（category words ），如：……性（耐受性）、……局势（紧张局势）、……态度（冷漠态度）、……问题（***问题）、……情绪（自满情绪）等。在翻译时有时必须加上这些词才能符合汉语的表达习惯。
Dyspnea must be assessed in relation to age, obesity and physical fitness.
病人呼吸困难应考虑其年龄、肥胖程度及健康状况。
1)The pharmacologists are making a careful study of the allergy of the medicine.
药理学家正在认真研究这种药的过敏反应。
2)The drug is well tolerated and generally does not give rise to serious side effects.
病人对该药有良好的耐受性，而且一般不引起严重副作用。
confusion 混乱局面
saturation 饱和状态
measurement 测量方法；测量结果
preparation 准备工作
management 管理部门
redundancy 多余信息
normalization 正常状态
remedies 补救措施
solution 解决方法
modification 修改方案
4. Amplification by Supplying Words of Generalization（增加概括性词汇）
1)The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
该论文总结了计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的最新成就。
2)The mother is 37,alive and well. The father is 45, alive and well, two sibs, one brother and one sister, alive and well.
母亲37岁、父亲45岁、一个兄弟和一个姐妹均健在。
3)He had become a master of evasion: his main response to criticism is to threaten, filibuster and delay.
他一是个回避问题的老手：其回应批评的主要办法是一威胁、二阻扰、三拖延。
5. Amplification by Supplying Words of Plurality（增加表复数词汇）
英语的可数名词有单复之分，翻译时应增补恰当的词语以便传达这一含义。
1)The lion is the king of animals.
狮子是百兽之王。
2)Drugs used in the treatment of heart diseases can produce heart block.
治疗心脏病的药物能产生心脏传导阻滞。
治疗心脏病的某些药物能产生心脏传导阻滞。
3)Diseases may be classified into following categories.
疾病可以分为下列几类。
4)She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.
她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各自端上一杯茶。
准确译出具体数量
1) The heart is slightly bigger than a fist, and lies between the lungs.
心脏略大于一个拳头，位于两肺之间。
2) The ventricles make up the greater part of the heart.
两个心室占心脏的大部分。
3) To make the most of our brain, we need to increase the communication between the hemispheres and get them working together.
为了充分利用大脑，我们需要加强两侧大脑半球之间的联系，使它们协同工作。
英汉两种语言在词汇和句法等方面的差异显著，翻译时需采用各种弥合手段，其中重要的一个方法就是增词法。增词法指的是在英汉翻译中适当增加原文中无其形而有其意的词语，使译文自然通顺，完整。增词法一般用于以下两种情况：一是为了表意的需要，二是为了语法的需要。
Susceptibility to colds varies.
1.Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original（增加原文省略部分）
1) Enlargement of the spleen is said to occur in about one-third of cases and embolization, in more than half of cases.
据说大约三分之一或一半以上的病例有栓塞和脾肿大。
大约三分之一的病例有脾肿大，半数以上的病例有栓塞。
2)…a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-chair-at –the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they have not.
年青的女士认为，女性已经不再像从前那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则认为，今天的女性还没有取得这样的进步。
2. Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives or Transitions（增加必要的连接词或承上启下的词）
1)With your eyes shut you can recognize hundreds of things by their sound or their touch.
你就是闭上眼睛，也还能凭声音或触感辨认数百种东西。
2)Yes, I like Chinese food; lots of people do these days. Sort of fashion.
不错，我喜欢中国菜，这也算是赶时髦吧！
3) White surfaces reflect heat; dark surfaces absorb it.
白色的表面反射热量，而黑色的表面吸收热量。
3. Amplification by Supplying Category Words （增加范畴词）
在汉语中，有一类词称为范畴词（category words ），如：……性（耐受性）、……局势（紧张局势）、……态度（冷漠态度）、……问题（***问题）、……情绪（自满情绪）等。在翻译时有时必须加上这些词才能符合汉语的表达习惯。
Dyspnea must be assessed in relation to age, obesity and physical fitness.
病人呼吸困难应考虑其年龄、肥胖程度及健康状况。
1)The pharmacologists are making a careful study of the allergy of the medicine.
药理学家正在认真研究这种药的过敏反应。
2)The drug is well tolerated and generally does not give rise to serious side effects.
病人对该药有良好的耐受性，而且一般不引起严重副作用。
confusion 混乱局面
saturation 饱和状态
measurement 测量方法；测量结果
preparation 准备工作
management 管理部门
redundancy 多余信息
normalization 正常状态
remedies 补救措施
solution 解决方法
modification 修改方案
4. Amplification by Supplying Words of Generalization（增加概括性词汇）
1)The thesis summed up the new achievements made in computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
该论文总结了计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的最新成就。
2)The mother is 37,alive and well. The father is 45, alive and well, two sibs, one brother and one sister, alive and well.
母亲37岁、父亲45岁、一个兄弟和一个姐妹均健在。
3)He had become a master of evasion: his main response to criticism is to threaten, filibuster and delay.
他一是个回避问题的老手：其回应批评的主要办法是一威胁、二阻扰、三拖延。
5. Amplification by Supplying Words of Plurality（增加表复数词汇）
英语的可数名词有单复之分，翻译时应增补恰当的词语以便传达这一含义。
1)The lion is the king of animals.
狮子是百兽之王。
2)Drugs used in the treatment of heart diseases can produce heart block.
治疗心脏病的药物能产生心脏传导阻滞。
治疗心脏病的某些药物能产生心脏传导阻滞。
3)Diseases may be classified into following categories.
疾病可以分为下列几类。
4)She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.
她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各自端上一杯茶。
准确译出具体数量
1) The heart is slightly bigger than a fist, and lies between the lungs.
心脏略大于一个拳头，位于两肺之间。
2) The ventricles make up the greater part of the heart.
两个心室占心脏的大部分。
3) To make the most of our brain, we need to increase the communication between the hemispheres and get them working together.
为了充分利用大脑，我们需要加强两侧大脑半球之间的联系，使它们协同工作。
作者: acer_00
| 以下网友留言只代表网友个人观点，不代表网站观点 | |||
Copyright 2000-2025 DXY.CN All Rights Reserved