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3.  省略介词

  省略表示时间的介词

表示时间的英语介词译成汉语时，如果置于句首一般可以省略，若出现在句尾大多不省略。

1)  The people’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
2)  Rumor had it that hostilities were to begin on April 23.
3)  Newton, theoretical physicist and mathematician, was born in 1642.

  省略表示地点的介词

同表示时间的介词类似，表示地点（包括位置、场所等）的介词译成汉语时若置于句首，也经常可以省略，若出现在句尾大多不省略。

1)  Smoking is not allowed in the store-house.
2)  She hid behind the door.
3)  Mount the meter on that panel.

4.  省略同义词

有些同义词连用，表示强调，或对前词提供解释，可译出其中一个即可。

1)  He is a man of culture and learning.
2)  The liver, or hepar, is the largest of the glandular organ of the body.

II.  冗词赘语的省略

原文中有些词语是不言而喻的，如果将这些词语全盘照译往往会形成不必要的冗言赘语。因此，根据汉语的修辞规范常常需要将这些词省略，以便使译文更加简洁洗练。　　　　

1)  Stainless steels possess good hardness and high strength.
2)  Job hunters who worked at a job will receive preference over those who have not.
3)  There was no snow. The leaves were gone from the trees. The grass was dead.
4)  We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise.

Unit 6 Translation Skill----Translation Methods of Complex Sentences （难句长句译法）

I.  定语从句的翻译方法

  前置

通常把较短的定语从句译成带“的”字的前置定语。

1)  Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.
2)  Body movements are due to the action of the muscles that are attached to the bones.

  后置

在英语中定语从句总是在所修饰的名词后面，而汉语中定语一般在所修饰的名词前面。如果英语的从句过于复杂、冗长，放在所修饰的名词前，汉语句子会显得臃肿，不通顺，这时就可以把定语从句放在所修饰的名词后面来翻译，译成汉语的并列分句。由于定语从句中的连接词通常在从句中充当句子成分，所以可用重复先行词，或用代词及“该、其、每”等字样代替先行词的方法引出汉语的并列分句。

1)  This is a medical university, the students of which are trained to be medical workers.
2)  One major concern is the rise of managed health care and its accompanying decreases in clinical earnings, which have traditionally helped to subsidize the coasts of medical education.

  融合

即把主句和从句融合成一个简单句，其中定语从句中的谓语变成了译文句子的谓语。

1) There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
2) In recent years , many discoveries have been made which greatly facilitate the study of medicine.

  状译

有些定语从句在意义上与主句有状语关系，表明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等，这时需弄清其与主句的逻辑关系，将它们翻译成汉语各种相应的分句。

1)  A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded.
2)  The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.
3)  He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.

II.  同位语从句的翻译方法

一般来说，同位语从句可直接放在主句后面翻译，或将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的定语，但不一定使用定语的标志“的”。还可通过增加“即、以为、这样、这个事实是”等字样，或用冒号、破折号直接翻译。

Behaviorists say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy.