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III.  状语从句的翻译方法

  时间状语从句

由于时间状语的引导词除了显示时间关系外，有时可以表示条件关系，所以还可以翻译成条件句。

1)  Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
2)  Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population to the point where the planet can provide a comfortable support for all, people will have to accept more “unnatural food”.

  原因状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

大多数可放在主句前

1)  The crops failed because the season was dry.
2)  While we cannot see the air, we can feel it.

  目的状语从句和结果状语从句大多数可按原文语序顺译

Home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.

IV.  难句译法

  拆分与组合法（Division and Combination）

英语的句子无论多么复杂，都是通过一些语法手段和逻辑手段连接起来的。所以， 在理解英语难句长句的时候，可以把主句和从句拆分出来，或者把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。也就是说可以通过寻找下面一些“信号词”作为句子的拆分点来对英语难句长句进行拆分，进而更加有效地理解英语原文。拆分之后，分段理解，然后再根据汉语习惯，应用各种翻译技巧进行重新组合。

信号词：

1. 连词

并列连词：and, or but, yet for等连接并列句
连接副词：when, as, since, until, before, after, where, because, though, although, so that, how, why等连接状语从句。
连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever等连接名词性从句和定语从句

2. 介词:on, in, with, at, of, to等介词常常引导介词短语作修饰语

3．不定式符号:to

4．分词

5．标点符号

以上列举的这些信号词只是在拆分英语原文的时候可能断开句子的地方,但不是绝对的。它们有助于译者看清句子结构，进而更好地理解英语原文。

改变原文顺序，组合汉语译文

Sample Analysis
1)  Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavor in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. （后置）
社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像科学家研究自然现象那样，以理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式来研究人类及其行为。
2)  Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. （条件）
3)  Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. （原因）
4)  The onset of chronic leukemia is frequently so insidious that it is accidentally discovered when a blood count is obtained for other reasons or when the patient reports to his physician that he has noted a few enlarged lymph nodes or felt, while bathing, a firm left upper quadrant abdominal mass.

V.  长句译法

碰到复杂的长句不要畏难、急躁，无论什么复杂的长句都有固定的语法结构，经过分析，总是可以理出头绪。但在对语法结构没有理出头绪，对原文意思没有完全理解之前，不要急于动手翻译。

为了正确理解复杂长句，可先把句中各种次要成分(如分词短语，独立成分，同位语等)和各种从句暂时排除，让主句暴露出来，这样就可以了解这个长句的中心意思，然后再把从句和次要成分加上，就可以前后连贯地理解整个长句意思。在理解原文的基础上，即可着手翻译，要敢于打破原句结构，分清主次，考虑汉语表达习惯，重新组合。

Sample Analysis
Nevertheless, until additional knowledge becomes available it seems best to continue to consider the clinical problems under the generic heading “arteriosclerosis”, recognizing that medial sclerosis appears to be a manifestation chiefly of either aging or of elevated blood pressure and is in the main asymptomatic; that medial sclerosis appears to predispose to the development of intimal sclerosis; and that intimal sclerosis （atherosclerosis）, apparently closely connected with lipid and particularly, cholesterol metabolism, is chiefly responsible for the interference with blood supply and, therefore, the symptoms and signs attributable to arteriosclerosis. (92 words)


编辑：西门吹血