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Size matters:use of YACs, BACs and PACs in transgenic animals

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发布日期:2009-02-18 10:16 文章来源:丁香园
关键词: 转基因动物 BAC YAC PAC   点击次数:
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作者:Patricia Giraldo & Lluís Montoliu
单位:Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología,
Campus de Cantoblanco,28049 Madrid, Spain
期刊:Transgenic Research 10: 83–103, 2001.

Key words: animal transgenesis, bacterial artificial chromosome, BAC, functional
genomics, P1-clone, P1-derived artificial chromosome, PAC, yeast artifical chromosome,
YAC

Abstract

In 1993, several groups, working independently, reported the successful generation of
transgenic mice with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) using standard techniques.
The transfer of these large fragments of cloned  genomic DNA correlated with optimal
expression levels of the transgenes, irrespective of their location in the host genome.

Thereafter, other groups confirmed the advantages of YAC transgenesis and position-
independent and copy number-dependent transgene expression were demonstrated
in most cases. The transfer of YACs to the germ line of mice has become popular in
many transgenic facilities to guarantee faithful expression of transgenes. This technique
was rapidly exported to livestock and soon transgenic rabbits, pigs and other mammals
 were produced with YACs. Transgenic animals were also produced with bacterial or
P1-derived artificial chromosomes (BACs/PACs) with similar success.

The use of YACs, BACs and PACs in transgenesis has allowed the discovery of new
genes by complementation of mutations, the identification of key regulatory sequences
within genomic loci that are crucial for the proper expression of genes and the design
of improved animal models of human genetic diseases.

Transgenesis with artificial chromosomes has proven useful in a variety of biological,
medical and biotechnological applications and is considered a major breakthrough in
the generation of transgenic animals. In this report, we will review the recent history
of YAC/BAC/PAC-transgenic animals indicating their benefits and the potential problems
associated with them.

In this new era of genomics, the generation and analysis of transgenic animals carrying
artificial chromosome-type transgenes will be fundamental to functionally identify and
understand the role of new genes, included within large pieces of genomes, by direct
complementation of mutations or by observation of their phenotypic consequences.

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编辑: jurgen    作者:Patricia Giraldo & Lluís Montoliu

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