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癌症研究历史经典回顾和热点寻踪（一）

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发布日期: 2006-11-27 22:08	文章来源: 丁香园 - 肿瘤医学讨论版
关键词: 癌症历史体液假说细胞学说热点	点击次数：

1914年，德国动物学家Boveri从遗传学方面意外的对癌症进行了奇妙的研究，他将海胆两个精子同时受精于一个海胆卵子，造成非整倍体的海胆，后来这种海胆发育畸形，细胞分裂f类似Hansemann'描述的恶性肿瘤的病理性核分裂相，因此提出癌变的突变学说（非整倍体假说，当然存在争论，有人认为是Hansemann'首先提出）。

图示：

Fig. 1. Fig. A and Fig. B from Boveri (1914) representing asymmetric distribution of chromosomes in a tetrapolar mitosis. Because this can happen in an ovum fertilised with two sperms, and some of the resulting cells “wander away” from normal developmental paths, Boveri speculated that among somatic cells arising from the same type of mitosis, some might “wander away” into other tissues as do cancer cells exhibiting invasion and metastasis. Nevertheless, Boveri did not suggest somatic cell fusion as the mechanism of the somatic tetrapolar mitosis, but rather exogenous agents acting on the mitotic process.

Fig. 1. (A) Fig. 13 (II) in Hertwig (1890) showing formation of the first polar body during oögenesis. ( Fig. 15 in Hansemann (1890) showing an asymmetric mitosis in a carcinoma cell. The similarity of appearances is probably what led Hansemann to try to synthesise Weismann's theory of “differentiation by loss of chromosomes” with Hertwig's observations of “loss of chromosomes during oögenesis”.

1911年Peyton Rous第一个发现并证实某种病毒可以引起肿瘤（现在的rous病毒），这个发现后来成为癌基因学说的最原始证据，这个发现似乎表明癌症的表型受少数基因控制。

参考文献：

1: Vogt PK. Peyton Rous: homage and appraisal.FASEB J. 1996 Nov;10(13):1559-62.
PMID: 8940303 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2: Rous P. Landmark article (JAMA 1911;56:198). Transmission of a malignant new growth by means of a cell-free filtrate. By Peyton Rous.JAMA. 1983 Sep 16;250(11):1445-9.
PMID: 6310170 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

3: Rous P. A transmissible avian neoplasm. (Sarcoma of the common fowl) by Peyton Rous, M.D., Experimental Medicine for Sept. 1, 1910, vol. 12, pp.696-705.J Exp Med. 1979 Oct 1;150(4):738-53.
PMID: 229185 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4: Scientific autographs. IV. Peyton Rous (1879-1970) and his Nobel Prize.Agents Actions. 1970 Aug;1(4):211-4.
PMID: 4329026 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

1902年， John Beard发现癌症细胞表型与胚胎胎盘滋养层细胞表型非常类似：种植，侵袭，转移，免疫等方面，提出the trophoblastic theory of cancer。

参考文献：

1. Beard J. Embryological aspects and etiology of carcinoma. Lancet 1902;1:1758.

2. Beard J. The Enzyme Treatment of Cancer, London: Chatto and Windus. 1911, p. 49.

3.Beard J. The action of 'trypsin' upon living cells of the Jensen sarcoma. Brit Med J 1906;1:140-141 (Jan. 20, 1906).

4.Krebs, ET, Jr. Krebs ET, Beard HH. The trophoblastic thesis of malignancy. Medical Record 1950;163:148.

5. Acevedo HF, Tong JY, Hartsock RJ. Human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit gene statement in cultured human fetal and cancer cells of different types and origins. Cancer 1995;76:1467-75.

6.Regelson W. Have we found the "definitive cancer biomarker"? The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of human chorionic gonadotropin-beta statement as a key to malignancy. Cancer 1995;76:1299-301.

7.Gurchot C. The trophoblast theory of cancer (John Beard, 1857-1924) revisited.Oncology. 1975;31(5-6):310-33.

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