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内参
内参在生物学研究中非常常见。例如RT-PCR或western blot实验中常用表达量稳定的管家基因/蛋白作为评估不同样本之间目标基因或蛋白变化的参考。以western blot为例，如果加药处理前后GAPDH或tublin、actin等基本没有变化，而目标蛋白表达变化明显，则说明“加药”过程中目标蛋白的表达受到影响。内参的引入可以排除上样量不同或样本处理过程中的偏差导致的可能误差···
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A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene
He, L; Thomson, JM; Hemann, MT; Hernando-Monge, E; Mu, D; Goodson, S; Powers, S; Cordon-Cardo, C; Lowe, SW; Hannon, GJ; Hammond, SM Nature 2005,435(7043)828-833 引用次数 1079
这篇发表于2005年的Nature杂志报道了miRNA簇mir- 17 - 92 cluster在B细胞淋巴瘤中高表达，并与癌基因c-myc高表达相关，提示mir- 17 - 92 cluster为潜在的癌基因。
【摘要】To date, more than 200 microRNAs have been described in humans; however, the precise functions of these regulatory, noncoding RNAs remains largely obscure. One cluster of microRNAs, the mir-17-92 polycistron, is located in a region of DNA that is amplified in human B-cell lymphomas(1). Here we compared B-cell lymphoma samples and cell lines to normal tissues, and found that the levels of the primary or mature microRNAs derived from the mir-17-92 locus are often substantially increased in these cancers. Enforced expression of the mir-17-92 cluster acted with c-myc expression to accelerate tumour development in a mouse B-cell lymphoma model. Tumours derived from haematopoietic stem cells expressing a subset of the mir- 17 - 92 cluster and c-myc could be distinguished by an absence of apoptosis that was otherwise prevalent in c-myc-induced lymphomas. Together, these studies indicate that non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs, can modulate tumour formation, and implicate the mir- 17 - 92 cluster as a potential human oncogene.
免费下载原文http://www.gs.washington.edu/academics/courses/braun/55105/readings/lin.pdf
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