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内参
内参在生物学研究中非常常见。例如RT-PCR或western blot实验中常用表达量稳定的管家基因/蛋白作为评估不同样本之间目标基因或蛋白变化的参考。以western blot为例，如果加药处理前后GAPDH或tublin、actin等基本没有变化，而目标蛋白表达变化明显，则说明“加药”过程中目标蛋白的表达受到影响。内参的引入可以排除上样量不同或样本处理过程中的偏差导致的可能误差···

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A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets

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发布日期：2011-09-21 16:03 文章来源：欧易生物
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Volinia, S; Calin, GA; Liu, CG; Ambs, S; Cimmino, A; Petrocca, F; Visone, R; Iorio, M; Roldo, C; Ferracin, M; Prueitt, RL; Yanaihara, N; Lanza, G; Scarpa, A; Vecchione, A; Negrini, M; Harris, CC; Croce, CM Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2006,103(7)2257-2261 引用次数 1139

这篇2006年的PNAS文章通过进行大规模的肿瘤miRnome分析，确定了一些肿瘤相关的miRNA例如miR-17-5p、 miR-20a、miR-21、 miR-92、 miR-106a以及 miR-155等，它们通过调节一些重要的癌基因或抑癌基因表达影响肿瘤发生。

【摘要】Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to cancer development and progression and are differentially expressed in normal tissues and cancers. From a large-scale miRnome analysis on 540 samples including lung, breast, stomach, prostate, colon, and pancreatic tumors, we identified a solid cancer miRNA signature composed by a large portion of overexpressed miRNAs. Among these miRNAs are some with well characterized cancer association, such as miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-92, miR-106a, and miR-155. The predicted targets for the differentially expressed miRNAs are significantly enriched for protein-coding tumor suppressors and oncogenes (P < 0.0001). A number of the predicted targets, including the tumor suppressors RB1 (Retinoblastoma 1) and TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor, beta receptor II) genes were confirmed experimentally. Our results indicate that miRNAs are extensively involved in cancer pathogenesis of solid tumors and support their function as either dominant or recessive cancer genes.

免费下载原文http://www.pnas.org/content/103/7/2257.full.pdf+html

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