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内参
内参在生物学研究中非常常见。例如RT-PCR或western blot实验中常用表达量稳定的管家基因/蛋白作为评估不同样本之间目标基因或蛋白变化的参考。以western blot为例，如果加药处理前后GAPDH或tublin、actin等基本没有变化，而目标蛋白表达变化明显，则说明“加药”过程中目标蛋白的表达受到影响。内参的引入可以排除上样量不同或样本处理过程中的偏差导致的可能误差···
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MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers
Lu, J; Getz, G; Miska, EA; Alvarez-Saavedra, E; Lamb, J; Peck, D; Sweet-Cordero, A; Ebet, BL; Mak, RH; Ferrando, AA; Downing, JR; Jacks, T; Horvitz, HR; Golub, TR Nature 2005,435(7043)834-838 引用次数 1770
这篇发表于2005年的Nature杂志的文章截至2011年8月15日已经被引用了1770次。该文章探讨了多种肿瘤的miRNA profile，发现其准确性远远高于mRNA profile，提示miRNA profile的潜在肿瘤诊断价值。
【摘要】Recent work has revealed the existence of a class of small non-coding RNA species, known as microRNAs ( miRNAs), which have critical functions across various biological processes(1,2). Here we use a new, bead-based flow cytometric miRNA expression profiling method to present a systematic expression analysis of 217 mammalian miRNAs from 334 samples, including multiple human cancers. The miRNA profiles are surprisingly informative, reflecting the developmental lineage and differentiation state of the tumours. We observe a general downregulation of miRNAs in tumours compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, we were able to successfully classify poorly differentiated tumours using miRNA expression profiles, whereas messenger RNA profiles were highly inaccurate when applied to the same samples. These findings highlight the potential of miRNA profiling in cancer diagnosis.
免费下载原文http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v435/n7043/pdf/nature03702.pdf
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