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内参
内参在生物学研究中非常常见。例如RT-PCR或western blot实验中常用表达量稳定的管家基因/蛋白作为评估不同样本之间目标基因或蛋白变化的参考。以western blot为例，如果加药处理前后GAPDH或tublin、actin等基本没有变化，而目标蛋白表达变化明显，则说明“加药”过程中目标蛋白的表达受到影响。内参的引入可以排除上样量不同或样本处理过程中的偏差导致的可能误差···
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microRNA协同抑制急性淋巴细胞白血病相关抑癌基因表达
针对特定microRNA的在不同肿瘤发生中的功能研究已经有很多，但是，针对涉及特定肿瘤发病机制的系列miRNA的研究并不多见。Mavrakis K等(A cooperative microRNA-tumor suppressor gene network in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) Nature Genetics 2011,43,673-678) 应用无偏倚的miRNA文库筛选（unbiased miRNA library screen）的方法，系统研究了急性T淋巴细胞白血病（T-ALL）相关的miRNAs，发现5个miRNAs (miR-19b,miR-20a, miR-26a, miR-92 and miR-223)在T-ALL发病中起到关键作用，并且这些miRNAs在T-ALL发生过程中的抑制主要肿瘤抑制基因（例如IKZF1, PTEN, BIM, PHF6, NF1, FBXW7 等）表达的作用相互重叠，相互协调。该研究揭示了T-ALL发生中microRNA-肿瘤抑制基因作用新模式。
A cooperative microRNA-tumor suppressor gene network in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Abstract The importance of individual microRNAs (miRNAs) has been established in specific cancers. However, a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of miRNAs to the pathogenesis of any specific cancer is lacking. Here we show that in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), a small set of miRNAs is responsible for the cooperative suppression of several tumor suppressor genes. Cross-comparison of miRNA expression profiles in human T-ALL with the results of an unbiased miRNA library screen allowed us to identify five miRNAs (miR-19b,miR-20a, miR-26a, miR-92 and miR-223) that are capable of promoting T-ALL development in a mouse model and which account for the majority of miRNA expression in human T-ALL. Moreover, these miRNAs produce overlapping and cooperative effects on tumor suppressor genes implicated in the pathogenesis of T-ALL, including IKAROS (also known as IKZF1), PTEN, BIM, PHF6, NF1 and FBXW7. Thus, a comprehensive and unbiased analysis of miRNA action in T-ALL reveals a striking pattern of miRNA-tumor suppressor gene interactions in this cancer.
原文链接 http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v43/n4/full/ng.786.html
编辑: cq
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